The novel & Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

The tale Frankenstein Essay How does Shelley make compassion toward the Monster, just as for Victor Frankenstein, in the novel, Frankenstein? Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, brought into the world 30th August 1797 was the unknown essayist who was worshiped over because of her novel, Frankenstein. She was an artistic symbol in the sentimentalism period in the mid 1800s. The all inclusive well known novel was distributed in 1818 when Shelly was at 21 years old. Shelley chose to present her novel secretly as in that phase in history ladies were not paid attention to in the public arena and were survivors of misogynist and partial developments. The epic was initially an apparition story in which she composed while being overpowered by a progression of cataclysms throughout her life; the most noticeably terrible of these were the self destruction of her relative, Fanny Imlay. Frankenstein is viewed as the best gothic sentimental novel in history and furthermore thought of as the principal sci-fi novel. Gothic loathsomeness was a typical class of utilization in the time Frankenstein was composed. This was a period of extraordinary books, for example, Dracula and Hound of the Baskervilles. Gothic frightfulness is generally set in dim manors and field with scary groaning music and awful climate. Written in 1818, Frankenstein is the profoundly upsetting story of a huge anonymous creation that was made for the sake of science. Enormous and solid, the animal, made by Victor Frankenstein slaughters and murders numerous all through the story, however thinking about his deplorable beginnings, I should ask, who is the genuine beast in this gothic story of repulsiveness? Frankenstein is shrewdly written in two sections. The initial segment of the book is described from Frankensteins perspective as he relates his story to a boats chief. The second piece of the story is the beast revealing to Victor how he came to discover him and what had befallen him since he was deserted. This method astutely permits the peruser to see the two sides of the story and judge who the genuine beast is. In section five of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, the animal is given life. The initial section utilizes pitiful error, utilizing the climate to lay the right foundation. The primary lines of the section, it was a bleak night in November, and the downpour pattered horridly against the windowpanes, utilize conventional gothic repulsiveness landscape.

Project Manager As Uninspired Taskmaster Information Technology Essay

Undertaking Manager As Uninspired Taskmaster Information Technology Essay Undertakings change. This straightforward reality isn't in a general sense because of an absence of arranging or ineptitude with respect to extend administrators and task engineers. Or maybe, change is an innate trait of any developing substance. Inserted ventures develop as much as they are assembled. Living things adjust to their condition. The earth encompassing any implanted undertaking is ever in transition. Financial plans change. Assets change. Timetables change. Rivalry changes. Client needs change. Regardless of whether this changing condition could be wiped out, another type of progress would keep on influencing installed ventures. A venture learns as it develops and should change in light of this learning. That is, as highlights work out as intended, the engineers, clients, clients, and supervisors become all the more completely mindful of the activities reality. In the first place, by conventional venture the executives we allude primarily to any philosophy where venture advancement is seen as a specific form of assembling or as a development venture. This sort of task the board is recognized by its successive periods of structure, execution, and testing (the cascade approach) arranged out through basic way examination (typically spoke to by means of Gantt diagrams). Second, we address here just those activities that remember any kind of fluctuation or questions for their necessities Spry strategies, for example, eXtreme Programming (XP), SCRUM and Feature-Driven Development endeavor to lessen the expense of progress all through the task advancement process. For instance, XP utilizes fast iterative arranging and advancement cycles so as to drive exchange offs and convey the most noteworthy worth highlights as ahead of schedule as could reasonably be expected. Also, the consistent, fundamental testing that is a piece of XP guarantees top notch through early imperfection location and goals. Regardless of some early accomplishment with deft techniques, various variables are forestalling their across the board reception. Coordinated strategy advocates frequently think that its hard to get the board support for executing what appear sensational changes in application advancement. These philosophies require engineers, supervisors and clients the same to change the manner in which they work and think. For instance, the XP practices of pair programming, test-first plan, consistent incorporation, and an on location client can appear overwhelming changes to execute. Besides, these procedures will in general be designer driven and appear to excuse the job of the executives in guaranteeing achievement. Conventional administration hypothesis accept that: Unbending systems are expected to manage change Various leveled hierarchical structures are methods for setting up request Expanded control brings about expanded request Organizations must be unbending, static chains of command Representatives are exchangeable parts in the hierarchical machine Issues are understood fundamentally through reductionist undertaking breakdown and portion Ventures and dangers are enough unsurprising to be overseen through complex in advance arranging Inside this specific situation, it is little marvel that the new systems seem casual to the point of being turbulent, populist to the point of effectively encouraging resistance, and aimless in their way to deal with critical thinking. We accept that the moderate reception of coordinated techniques stems for the most part from this misalignment between the major suspicions of customary administration and those of the new nimble advancement approachs. Accordingly, there is a critical requirement for an adjustment in suppositions and another administration system when working with coordinated philosophies. In particular, we have started to assemble the idea of complex versatile frameworks (CAS) into our administration suppositions and practices. Unpredictability researchers have contemplated the aggregate conduct of living frameworks in nature, for example, the running of flying creatures, tutoring of fish, walking of ants and the amassing of honey bees. They have found that, while the individual operators in these complex versatile frameworks have just nearby vital standards and limit, their aggregate conduct is described by an overlaying request, self-association, and an aggregate insight that is more prominent than the whole of the parts. The hypothesis of CAS has been applied effectively in a few regions financial matters, life sciences and all the more as of late, to the executives. These ideas of CAS prompted the motivation that like the XP group, venture directors likewise need a lot of straightforward controlling practices that give a structure inside which to oversee, as oppos ed to a lot of inflexible guidelines. Following these practices, the director turns into a versatile pioneer setting the course, building up the straightforward, generative principles of the framework, and empowering steady criticism, adjustment, and coordinated effort. This administration system, canvassed in detail in Section 4, furnishes groups actualizing spry approachs with: A characteristic capacity to manage change A perspective on associations as liquid, versatile frameworks made out of insightful living creatures An acknowledgment of the constraints of outer control in building up request, and of the job of clever control that utilizes self-association as a methods for setting up request A general critical thinking approach that is humanistic in that: It views workers as gifted and significant partners in the administration of a group. It depends on the aggregate capacity of self-ruling groups as the essential critical thinking instrument. It confines in advance wanting to a base dependent on a suspicion of eccentrics, and rather, lays weight on flexibility to evolving conditions. The Problem: Project Management as Uninspired Taskmaster Customary task lifecycle advancement procedures became out of a need to control ever-bigger improvement ventures, and the troubles of assessing and dealing with these endeavors to dependably convey results. These systems drew vigorously on the standards from designing, for example, development the executives. Accordingly, they focused on consistency (one needs to design each and every detail of an extension or working before it is fabricated), and straight advancement cycles prerequisites prompted investigation which prompted plan which thusly prompted improvement. Alongside consistency, they acquired a deterministic, reductionist methodology that depended on task breakdown, and was predicated on steadiness stable necessities, examination and stable plan. While these systems may have worked for certain associations before may even now work in certain conditions, for some organizations these philosophies just included expense and intricacy while giving an incorrect feeling that all is well with the world that administration was accomplishing something by comprehensively arranging, estimating, and controlling. Colossal expenses were soaked in untimely arranging, without the fast iterative turn of events and nonstop criticism from clients that we have come to acknowledge are essentials for progress today. The outcomes are unmistakable rehashed, open disappointments, for example, the London Ambulance System and the Denver Airport Baggage framework earned the task business a notoriety for being irksome with tremendous cost invades and plan slippages. Consider the aftereffects of the Standish Groups CHAOS reviews. In the primary study, it was assessed that solitary 18 percent of all undertaking ventures were viewed as fruitful, 31 percent were disappointments and 53 percent were tested. Relatively, the 1998 figures demonstrated a stamped improvement where 26 percent were fruitful, 46 percent were tested and 28 percent were disappointments. The examination ascribed the expansion in progress to downsizing the size of undertakings to reasonable levels utilizing littler groups. This outcome is plainly in accordance with the standards of spry systems. Besides, many built up venture the board rehearses still apply to nimble advancement ventures with some adjustment and a solid portion of initiative. While chiefs planned customary techniques with an end goal to control extends, the specialized network brought forth dexterous approachs because of their disappointments with conventional administration (or scarcity in that department) and t he subsequent effect on their items and confidence. For instance, the standards of XP are centered for the most part around the advancement procedure. While the specialized network has supported these standards, almost no has been expounded on the administration side of coordinated advancement ventures. The conventional undertaking supervisor is frequently observed as a drill sergeant who creates and controls the all-inclusive strategy that reports (regularly in painful detail) the assignments, conditions, and assets required to convey the finished result. The undertaking supervisor at that point screens the status of assignments and alters the arrangement as important. So for some directors OK with customary strategies, the possibility of executing coordinated approachs on their advancement undertakings can be overwhelming. In any case, it doesnt should be. Truth be told, free of deft approachs, different patterns in venture the executives show a point to a combination between the administration network and the specialized network. The Solution: Project Manager as Visionary Leader The best undertaking chiefs arent just coordinators they join business vision, relational abilities, delicate administration aptitudes and specialized keen with the capacity to plan, arrange, and execute. Fundamentally, they are not simply chiefs they are pioneers. While this has consistently been the situation, nimble venture the executives puts a higher significance on the initiative aptitudes than any time in recent memory. For instance, XP groups make and screen their own cycle designs as a team with the clients. The client makes stories (includes) and organizes them dependent on business esteem. Dexterous approachs free the undertaking director from the drudgery of being a disciplinarian accordingly empowering the venture supervisor to concentrate on being a pioneer somebody who keeps the focus on the vision, who moves the group, who advances cooperation and joint effort, who champions the task and expels obsta

Writing the History of Science Essay Topics

Writing the History of Science Essay TopicsHistory of Science essay topics are among the most important parts of any essay. The history of science is a highly interesting topic, especially for students who want to know more about the scientist's life and accomplishments. They may also want to learn more about the theories that led scientists to their theories. For example, Newton's theories led him to his ideas on gravity and his great scientific works.History of Science essay topics are always written according to a basic format. It involves developing the ideas behind a particular theory and then presenting the rest of the theory in the form of proof. It is the whole story of a theory that one presents in the essay. This means that the topic should include all of the crucial details that add up to a theory.History of Science essay topics should not be too difficult for the students to understand. They should not be so technical that the students become confused. Instead, the studen ts should be able to understand the topic without too much trouble. There should not be too much wordiness either. This is because there should be enough information to make the students' grasp of the topic stronger.Although the history of science is considered one of the more popular topics in an essay, it is not always easy to write about. For example, the students should be able to convey the main idea in the essay without much trouble. They should also be able to present this idea without having to explain everything. For example, if they want to discuss the impact of Darwin's theories, they should be able to describe the main idea without explaining every single detail of his theory. However, if the students are asked to provide proofs, they can still describe how Darwin's theory influenced them.History of Science essay topics can involve a lot of material. It does not have to be limited to only one particular theory. It can also include many different theories and research fin dings that helped form the theory. Some people even include the theories that were developed from the research findings.History of Science essay topics can be based on the person who developed the theory. It can also include those who contributed to the research. The topics can also be based on who lived through the time when the theory was developed. This can include how people acted during that time and what the attitude of scientists was like at that time.The most common concept used in an essay on the history of science is how the theory came about. A good essay will look at how the theory was developed from the research done in the era when it was first developed. The students should be able to use this information in their essay by looking at how people thought at that time, and how the development of the theory came about. The historical study of how the theory came about can also include how the scientists who supported the theory acted at that time.History of Science essay topics are very important. Because the topics are so important, the writers should use the help of a professional editor to get an editor who knows the topic well. Students should avoid overusing the concepts in their essays. They should be able to use the same concepts in their essay, but use different words and figures in order to create an original style.

The Effects Of Gender, Race, And Class - 1469 Words

The effects of Gender, Race, and Class as shown in Tv shows This section of this paper, I will use three TV show to highlight the issues of Gender inequality in America, and how this affects us not only economically but, also the political side of Gender Inequality. In addition, I will explain the unchallenged culture of male dominance in a leadership position while excluding women who are work twice as hard working as their male counterpart. The word race is a big issue, but I will explain how it mostly affects black or African American people. the word race was created to rationalize slavery until this day African Americans are still suffering because of the color they skin e.g. passed over for a promotion that they are completely†¦show more content†¦However, this sitcom was filmed in Brooklyn Heights New York, at 10 Stigwood Avenue. For instance, in Season 3 episode 8 Vanessa invites a couple of her friends to her house whose families were not considered be to be upper-middle-class, upon arriving at Vanessa’s house they as sumed she was rich because she lived in a brownstone house and the furniture was lovely. The kids them reported back to their other friends how then assumed that Vanessa must be stuck up. My explanation of this reaction is that the children are not accustomed to seeing black people how can afford a good lifestyle because of their current surrounding. And this is how many people watching The Cosby Show felt in those days. All in The Family This Tv sitcom All in the Family is filled with humor but it Highlights the issues of racism in American. The sitcom started in 1971 and ended in 1979. The members of the Bunker Family are white. The Lead Character is the Husband Archie Bunker who is known as a loudmouth uneducated bigot. Mr. Bunkers believes in every stereotype he has heard. His wife Edith was a sweet well-mannered lady the opposite of her husband, but she wasn’t the brightest as the would say she wasn’t the â€Å"sharpest knife in the drawer† This family a working-class family with one daughter who was married to a young man of polish descent how was an unemployed student how Archie was not afraid to call aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Daughter From Danang 1272 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the process of social construction, various social statuses, such as race, class, and gender, are given a deeper meaning than simply a category. In turn, these statuses begin having an effect on the groups th ey encompass, causing some groups to become dominate over others and shaping the hierarchy of their society. Once established, these statuses begin to intertwine and influence one another, along with space and time, which is called intersections. These intersections work together to furtherRead MoreSocial Stratification And Its Effects On Physical And Mental Differences1216 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciples, class, race, and gender. Social class is defines as â€Å"the grouping of individuals by economic position† (Larkin, Para. 9). Members of each social class share similar income, wealth, lifestyle, social norms, behaviors, and life opportunities. Sociology theorists Dennis Gilbert and Joseph A. Kahl developed a six class stratification system by grouping individuals by education, income, and occupation. The six classes are capitalist or elites, upper middle class, lower middle class, workingRead MoreRace, Class, Gender And Class Relations At A Real Estate Agency1313 Words   |  6 PagesRace, class and gender affect the work experience of almost all workers in the American market. The three main areas race, class, and gender interlock to form the matrix of domination because they interlock and overlap one another. The areas that the overlapping and interlocking effect are the areas of America s work experience and its effect on earnings and labor conditions. These three forces help to shape the exper ience of workers, and depending on various dynamics, for example if there is anRead MoreA Discussion Of Class, Gender, And Feminism Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesA Discussion of Class, Gender, and Feminism In this paper I will be discussing class, race, gender, sex, and how they relate to feminism. The first theme that I will be looking into is the role that social class and gender play in how others view us. The second theme that I will be delving into is the role that social class and gender play in how we view ourselves, and how this affects our role in society. 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Even further disbelief comes about when they mention of how race, class, and gender intersect and what causes certain types of people to have disadvantages in the social hierarchy. Most believe in the iconic American saying â€Å"pulling yourself up by your boot straps† believe this is the only way to achieve great achievementsRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Educational Institution964 Words   |  4 Pagesevery race, gender, and background experience while growing up. Since social class is determined in large part by education, the effects of education carry forward into the rest of each person’s life even after they’ve long left the i nstitution itself (Roy, lecture 10). In his lecture on the institution, Professor Roy adds that education allows for a path to social mobility while also reproducing inequalities. This paradox can be seen in both race and gender – albeit in varying degrees. Race is aRead MoreRace, Gender, And Age Of Criminal Sentencing : The Punishment Cost Of Being Young, Black,1430 Words   |  6 Pagesof discrimination or bias. Three physical characteristics are often times the root cause of most discrimination, race, gender, and age. In a research paper titled â€Å"The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Male† three university researchers ask a series of question to determine if race, gender, and age have an effect on judicial sentencing, and how â€Å"these factors might contextualize on another†. The authors look at previous researchRead MoreThe Social Learning And Behavioral Theory1617 Words   |  7 Pageshow their individual crimes have certain trajectories. The last focuses on a specific group of graduates in order to find out their relationship and feelings with police that has developed since graduation from high school, focusing mainly on race and its effect on those factors. The relationship between childhood violence exposure and juvenile antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review (2009) The purpose of this study was to understand the correlation between children exposed to violence and antisocialRead MoreA Discussion Of Class, Gender, And Feminism Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages A Discussion of Class, Gender, and Feminism For this paper I will be discussing class, race, gender, sex, and how they relate to feminism. The first theme that I will be looking into is the role that social class and gender play in how others view us. The second theme that I will be delving into is the role that social class and gender play in how we view ourselves, and how this effects our role in society. Finally, the third theme that I will be looking at is the harmful nature of letting our

The Impact of Violent Media on Children Free Essays

The Impact of Violent Media on Children Submitted to: Mme. Daisy R. De Jesus Submitted by: Kimberly Anne C. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Violent Media on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cimafranca Javi Dawn A. Generoso Title: The Impact of Violent Media on Children Thesis Statement: Psychologists found that watching television is the single factor most closely associated with aggressive behavior. I. Introduction II. Description of Violent Media A. History B. Forms of Media 1. Lyrics 2. Television 3. Video Games III. Exposure to Violent Media A. Violent Video Games Exposure B. Violent Lyrics Exposure C. Violent Shows/Advertisements ExposureD. Juvenile Aggression 1. Cases Related to Media Violence 2. Theories Related To Media Violence 3. Factors Interacting with Youth IV. Effects of Violent Media A. Social Effects B. Psychological Effects V. Effective Ways in Trampling Media A. Methods on Approaching Children B. Government Policies to Benefit Children Viewers C. Parental Guidance 1. Curbing Children’s Television Habits VI. Conclusion I. Introduction Children would likely develop their violent characters from watching violent medias such as televisions, radios, video games, and magazines.According to the article â€Å"The Psychological Effects of Violent Media on Children† by Aimee Tompkins, there are three main impacts of bad medias. First, they become less aware to the hurt and sorrows of other people. Second, they would be more afraid of their environment. And lastly, they would be more argumentative. Although surveys say that harmful video games can make children become more quarrelsome to others, a few parents and psychologists believe that some kids gain some good things from it. The researchers of the paper believe that watching violent media either brings good or bad effects to children, depending on how see it. Everything that children see or hear in the media affects them in some ways. They imitate what the television portrays in cartoons, primetime and reality shows. Parents should limit their children’s exposure to violent acts. Unfortunately, violence is the preeminent form of entertainment. Current research shows that violent media is related to aggressive behavior. Some of these risky behaviors include cruelty to others and lack of self-reproach to one’s mistakes. On the other hand, the media such as films, video games and televisions argue that violent children are attracted to these kinds of uptight entertainment. These people believe that a child, in order to exhibit actions they have seen on the big screen, must have been exposed to more than just programming. Violent situations are all too common in everyday entertainment and there are far less programming choices that are not. Even if the choices do exist, a research has proven that parents have no big idea what their children watch on television.Many parents are more lenient or less concerned about possible negative influences brought by these violent medias. Parents are also seen bringing their children to watch feature films not suitable for their young age. As parents, they should be attentive to the content of what these forms of media have and ask whether it is appropriate for their child’s age. And the writer’s of this paper also believe that parents who allow their children to be exposed to violent medias are the reason why their children become disrespectful and disobedient to them.A lot of research has been conducted and most of these concluded that children learn aggressive attitudes and behavior from the contents of violent media. The children take in everything of what are shown in television whether it is beneficial for them or may be damaging to their minds for they still do not understand reality from fantasy. Psychologists found that watching television is the single factor most closely associated with aggressive behavior. The question now is: â€Å"Does watching violent media cause children to be violent? † This is what the makers of this paper and as well as the readers are going to find out. How to cite The Impact of Violent Media on Children, Papers

Research Proposal on Public Policy Essay Example

Research Proposal on Public Policy Essay Public policy is the complex system of acts, decisions and laws, which illustrate the attitude of the government or the whole state towards a certain question. Public policy is a very important phenomenon which illustrates the quality and type of work of the government. Public policy touches upon every sphere of human activity and every branch of activity of the country. For example public policy influences the most important decisions in such spheres as health care, education, army and social issues. The most important questions which are important for every citizen of any state is the quality of the health care, wages, the work the police, etc. Every party with wants to win the election should work out a well-organized program for public policy, because people always value the work of the party in the public issues. Young people care about their education, so the public policy in this field should be well-balanced to win the support of the young electors. The same situation is observed in medicine. Most people do not pay attention to the international activity of the government, they care only about their own life, their own families and their health, so every party or person who plans to rule the state should pay much attention to the public policy as it is the most important activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Public Policy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Public Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Public Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Public policy is the most important activity of the government concerning the most important problems of the state and everyone should know everything about its structure and its types. A successful research proposal should be well-organized, well-formatted and logically-composed. When student writes a research proposal, he is expected to know everything about the topic under investigation and wants to deepen his knowledge in a certain topic and make a contribution into the discipline. So, students have to research the topic before writing the paper, realize the principles of public policy, its methods, fields, rules and its structure. Moreover, a student who writes a research proposal is supposed to introduce new vision of the problem and suggest new methods of the effective public policy. Every student who has to prepare a good research proposal faces a common problem: manner of writing of the paper. A free sample research proposal on public policy will be useful for every student who has no idea about paper writing and does not know how to prepare a logically composed paper. Another problem of every proposal is the quality of the content. Students are recommended to read free example research proposals on public policy to learn to construct and format the paper properly and see the ways of the data analysis and the most important – see how to make a paper convincing and persuade the professor that the topic is worth attention. *** ATTENTION! Free sample research proposals and research paper examples on Public Policy are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Public Policy topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

ETERNAL FREEDOM Essays - Candle Lights, Fishing Village, Night Wind

ETERNAL FREEDOM Essays - Candle Lights, Fishing Village, Night Wind ETERNAL FREEDOM The time to escape did come! He had been waiting for it for several months. Taking advantage of the careless of the guards, he dipped himself in water while the prisoners were passing across the stream to go back to the camp after an exhausting working day in the field. The first part of his plan went exactly as desired. Being sure they went far enough, he quickly jumped out of the stream and headed for the woods. He knew there was a highway nearby so that he could hitch-hike to go to the coast where he could easily find a boat and escape farther. It was almost midnight. He had been going about five miles, but found nothing. The cold night wind touched him, increasing his nervousness. He looked back again to make sure that nobody followed him. In a nearby small village flickered some candle lights. Cautiously, he went around the village, trying not to make any noises. Suddenly, a farmer's dog sensed him from a distance and began to bark, then followed the other dogs in the village. He was very upset but could do nothing. Some farmers came out of their houses to see what happened. Seeing nothing, they spoke harshly to their dogs, then returned to their houses. He signed a deep sign of relief and carefully went away. By dawn he still did not see the highway. He felt a little paniced. However, as inhaling the fresh air, listening to the birds, looking up the broad blue sky, he felt more comfortable. Freedom was really precious! There was a stream nearby. He wanted to take a bath. Being a son of a fisherman, he had swum very well since he was a kid. Fresh water reminded him of the days he had lived with his lovely wife and son in a fishing village on the coast of Yellow Sea. Because he was a patriotic Manchurian who had protested the assimilation of the Japanese on his people, the Japanese put him in jail. He had left his wife and son in his home village. Thinking of the day he could re-unite them, he smiled a happy smile. Suddenly, his thoughts were cut off by a lot of barking noises of dogs. The noises came closer and closer. Like a machine, he hurrily went ashore. He realized that the noises were certainly from the search party, and that he might be caught again easily. It was too late! In the distance appeared some yellow uniforms of the Japanese soldiers. He changed his mind and decided to swim offshore. "Freeze!" shouted one of the soldiers. The escaped prisoner did not want to stop swimming. He did not want to be captured again. A volley of bullets sounded in the sky. He still swam and swam. This time, a strange feeling suddenly came to him. He felt that his limbs were benumbed with something which he did not know. Then, at that moment, he suddenly saw his lovely pictures of his life- his wife, his son, his parents, and his beloved fishing village. All of them displayed and disappeared in a very short moment. Then he really felt free.

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Population Proportions

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Population Proportions Confidence intervals are one part of inferential statistics.   The basic idea behind this topic is to estimate the value of an unknown population  parameter by using a statistical sample.   We can not only estimate the value of a parameter, but we can also adapt our methods to estimate the difference between two related parameters.   For example we may want to find the difference in the percentage of the male U.S. voting population who supports a particular piece of legislation compared to the female voting population. We will see how to do this type of calculation by constructing a confidence interval for the difference of two population proportions.   In the process we will examine some of the theory behind this calculation.   We will see some similarities in how we construct a confidence interval for a single population proportion as well as a confidence interval for the difference of two population means. Generalities Before looking at the specific formula that we will use, lets consider the overall framework that this type of confidence interval fits into.   The form of the type of confidence interval that we will look at is given by the following formula: Estimate /- Margin of Error Many confidence intervals are of this type. There are two numbers that we need to calculate.   The first of these values is the estimate for the parameter.   The second value is the margin of error.   This margin of error accounts for the fact that we do have an estimate.   The confidence interval provides us with a range of possible values for our unknown parameter. Conditions We should make sure that all of the conditions are satisfied before doing any calculation. To find a confidence interval for the difference of two population proportions, we need to make sure that the following hold: We have two simple random samples from large populations.   Here large means that the population is at least 20 times larger than the size of the sample. The sample sizes will be denoted by n1 and n2.Our individuals have been chosen independently of one another.There are at least ten successes and ten failures in each of our samples. If the last item in the list is not satisfied, then there may be a way around this.   We can modify the plus-four confidence interval construction and obtain robust results.   As we go forward we assume that all of the above conditions have been met. Samples and Population Proportions Now we are ready to construct our confidence interval.   We start with the estimate for the difference between our population proportions. Both of these population proportions are estimated by a sample proportion.   These sample proportions are statistics that are found by dividing the number of successes in each sample, and then dividing by the respective sample size. The first population proportion is denoted by p1.   If the number of successes in our sample from this population is k1, then we have a sample proportion of k1 / n1. We denote this statistic by  pÌ‚1.   We read this symbol as p1-hat because it looks like the symbol p1 with a hat on top. In a similar way we can calculate a sample proportion from our second population.   The parameter from this population is p2.   If the number of successes in our sample from this population is k2, and our sample proportion is   pÌ‚2 k2 / n2. These two statistics become the first part of our confidence interval. The estimate of p1 is pÌ‚1.   The estimate of p2 is pÌ‚2.   So the estimate for the difference p1 - p2 is pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2. Sampling Distribution of the Difference of Sample Proportions Next we need to obtain the formula for the margin of error.   To do this we will first consider the   sampling distribution of   pÌ‚1  . This is a binomial distribution with probability of success p1 and  n1 trials. The mean of this distribution is the proportion p1.   The standard deviation of this type of random variable has variance of p1  (1 - p1  )/n1. The sampling distribution of pÌ‚2 is similar to that of pÌ‚1  .   Simply change all of the indices from 1 to 2 and we have a binomial distribution with mean of p2 and variance of p2 (1 - p2 )/n2. We now need a few results from mathematical statistics in order to determine the sampling distribution of pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2.   The mean of this distribution is p1 - p2.   Due to the fact that the variances add together, we see that the variance of the sampling distribution is p1  (1 - p1  )/n1 p2 (1 - p2 )/n2.   The standard deviation of the distribution is the square root of this formula. There are a couple of adjustments that we need to make.   The first is that the formula for the standard deviation of pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2 uses the unknown parameters of p1 and p2.   Of course if we really knew these values, then it would not be an interesting statistical problem at all.   We would not need to estimate the difference between p1 and  p2..   Instead we could simply calculate the exact difference. This problem can be fixed by calculating a standard error rather than a standard deviation.   All that we need to do is to replace the population proportions by sample proportions.   Standard errors are calculated from upon statistics instead of parameters. A standard error is useful because it effectively estimates a   standard deviation.   What this means for us is that we no longer need to know the value of the parameters p1 and p2.   .Since these sample proportions are known, the standard error is given by the square root of the following expression: pÌ‚1 (1 -  pÌ‚1 )/n1   pÌ‚2 (1 -  pÌ‚2 )/n2. The second item that we need to address is the particular form of our sampling distribution.   It turns out that we can use a normal distribution to approximate the sampling distribution of  pÌ‚1  - pÌ‚2.   The reason for this is somewhat technical, but is outlined in the next paragraph.   Both   pÌ‚1 and   pÌ‚2   have a sampling distribution that is binomial.   Each of these binomial distributions may be approximated quite well by a normal distribution.   Thus pÌ‚1  - pÌ‚2 is a random variable.   It is formed as a linear combination of two random variables.   Each of these are approximated by a normal distribution.   Therefore the sampling distribution of pÌ‚1  - pÌ‚2 is also normally distributed. Confidence Interval Formula We now have everything we need to assemble our confidence interval.   The estimate is (pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2) and the margin of error is z* [ pÌ‚1 (1 -  pÌ‚1 )/n1   pÌ‚2 (1 -  pÌ‚2 )/n2.]0.5.   The value that we enter for z* is dictated by the level of confidence C.  Ã‚  Commonly used values for z* are 1.645 for 90% confidence and 1.96 for 95% confidence.   These values for  z* denote the portion of the standard normal distribution where exactly  C percent of the distribution is between -z* and z*.   The following formula gives us a confidence interval for the difference of two population proportions: (pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2) /- z* [ pÌ‚1 (1 -  pÌ‚1 )/n1   pÌ‚2 (1 -  pÌ‚2 )/n2.]0.5

Maison Bouygues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maison Bouygues - Assignment Example It is irrefutable that amidst the effort of companies to deliver the value which they have chosen to impart, there have been discrepancies with these two. The tactical aspect of marketing often does not fully embody what has been strategically formulated. In line with this, this paper looks at the value creation within MB, identifying the value that it chooses and how it provides this value to its clientele. At the end, this paper will give further recommendations on how value creation can be enhanced through the alignment of strategic and tactical marketing. As with any business organization, MB's strategic aspect of marketing is comprised of its segmentation, targeting, and positioning. The company's identification of the value that it wants to provide is rationally through identifying its customers and their specific needs and wants and specifically pinpointing what image the company wants to build in the mind of its customers. Among these client groups, the New Anxious represents approximately 25% of the company's customers. This segment, having the least income (average is FF12, 700), demands the most value for their hard-earned money for their first homes. It should also be noted that MB has a relatively high presence in this group indicated by the 138 MB presence index reported. The Wealthy Savers comes next with approximately 24% of MB's clientele. Directly opposed to the New Anxious, this group generates high income which averages FF18, 100 and have owned their previous homes. MB also has a high presence in this segment relative to the industry (MB presence index is 123). Autonomous Independents represents 19% of the MB's total market. Having an average income of $16, 500, this group occupies high social level and desires to own their home after renting for some time. Relative to its competitors, MB has a relatively low presence in this market indicated by MB's presence index which is reported at 53. Wealthy Spenders and New Responsible both share approximately 16% of MB's entire market. Wealthy Spenders have the highest average income at FF19, 700. However, MB's presence in this sector is only limited compared to the whole industry. New Responsible group has a low average income of FF14, 400 who demands more value and quality from MB's products because they would want to leave their house to their children. The company has a very high presence in this segment (MB's presence index is 123). The conducted market segmentation above clearly distinguishes the targeting strategy employed by MB. Furthermore, looking at the history of the company shows how it has alters and augments the particularly markets that it intended to serve: "Initially MB focused on building small, basic homes for middle and lower-income households. During the mid-1980s, the company shifted its focus to the higher end of the single family market." This shift in targeting strateg

Consumer Behaviour Market Analysis Report Essay

Consumer Behaviour Market Analysis Report - Essay Example Fast food products not prepared based on cultural norms cannot receive attention in the market. The paper also analyses the influence of stiff competition in the behavior of customers towards McDonald’s products. In the current food industry, multiplicity of competitors determines how consumers purchase McDonald’s products. Further, the paper discusses the health influences that affect the consumption fast food products in the global market. Fast foods rich in high sugar content and calories have been blamed for increased cases of diabetes and obesity. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 1.1 Cultural influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 1.2 Social influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 1.3 Personal and economic influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 1.4 Health Influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 1.5 Group Behavior†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 1.6 Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 1.7 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......9 1.0 Introduction McDonalds is a fast food company with branches in all continents. Several restaurants operate under McDonald’s chain of restaurants. McDonald’s major target consumers include children, adults and teenagers in all their markets. Major markets for McDonald include the United States, Europe, India, and Sou th America. In the fast food industry, competition continues to affects several companies. Macdonald continues to improve their business strategies so that they can attract millions of customers into their business. Consumers continue to face new trends because competitors continue to be innovative in providing healthy food choices for customers. This report analyses consumerism at McDonalds. The report determines factors that motivate consumers to purchase fast food products from McDonalds. In addition, the Report analyses factors that may affect consumer’s ability to purchase fast food products from MacDonald. McDonald’s products include burgers, chicken, fish, deserts, and pork. These foods are classified as fast food products. McDonald’s prepares these foods because of their demand in the market. The society continues to demand ready-made food they can consume without preparing their own in the kitchen. McDonald’s also offers breakfast foods such as M cMuffins, breakfast sandwiches, fried egg, bacon and many more. Beverages are also offered in different varieties 1.1 Cultural influences According to Ramanuj (2010), external influences on consumer behavior involve cultural influences. McDonald’ provides fast food choices to consumers in various cultural backgrounds. In India, consumer buying behavior has been affected by the culture of customers. McDonalds provides beef and mutton burgers in India. However, according to Indian culture, consumers do not like food items made of beef and mutton from

Faulkner’s Exploration of the Human Spirit Essay -- Literary Analysis

William Faulkner accepted his Nobel Peace Prize in December 1950. During his acceptance speech, Faulkner proclaimed that the award was made not to him as a man, but to his life’s work, which was created, â€Å"out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before† (PF ). He felt that the modern writer had lost connection to his spirit and that he must reconnect with the universal truths of the heart—â€Å"love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice† (PF ). Through his characters voice and exposure of their spirit, Faulkner solidified man’s immortality by â€Å"lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past† (PF ). Although some critics have characterized his work as violet, dealing with immoral themes and the miseries and brutality of life; it can be argued that even his most sad and dep raved characters express positive virtues and personal strengths. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the portrayal and manifestation of the human spirit in a select few of William Faulkner’s literary characters, showing that they possess both human strength and flaws. So what is the human spirit and why is it significant? It is a somewhat indefinable concept. According to Faulkner the human spirit is the connection to the universal truths of the heart—â€Å"love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice† (PF). But more than that, he was concerned with the idea that man had become oblivious to the problems of the spirit; that he lost his awareness of the inner struggle of heart in conflict with itself. The human spirit can also be described in terms of surviving adversity, adapting to c... ...lkner. Ed. Malcolm Cowley. New York: Penguin Books, 2003. Viking Press, 1946. Falkner, William. The Sound and the Fury. New York: Vintage Books, 1990. J. Cape & H. Smith, 1929. Gwynn, Frederick L. and Joseph L. Blotner, eds. Faulkner in the University: Class Conferences at the University of Virginia 1957-58. New York: Vintage Books, 1959. Howe, Irving. William Faulkner: A Critical Study. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1975.Orig. 1951. Vintage Books, 1962. Meriwether, James B. and Michael Millgate, eds. Lion in the Garden: Interviews with William Faulkner 1926-1962. New York: Random House, 1968. O’Donnell, George M. â€Å"Faulkner’s Mythology.† William Faulkner: Four Decades of Criticism. Linda W. Wagner, ed. East Lansing, MI: MSU Press, 1973. 83-93. Teske, John A. â€Å"The Social Construction of the Human Spirit.† http://users.etown.edu/t/teskeja/schs.html

Dostoevsky: Psychiatric Genius?

The book Crime and Punishment and its author, Fyodor Dostoevsky, both came many years before their time. In the book, Dostoevsky clearly describes the medical disorders we now know today as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dissociative identity disorder which is also known as multiple personality disorder. The book was first published in 1866, however, schizophrenia was first described officially in 1887 by Dr.Emile Kraepelin and not given the name â€Å"schizophrenia† until Eugene Bleuler coined the term in 1911 (The History of Schizophrenia). And it was not until the late 19th and early 20th century that Pierre Janet coined the term dissociative identity (Pendergrast). Bipolar Disorder was also a relatively new disorder being that it was officially described in 1854 (â€Å"A Brief History of Bipolar Disorder†).The character of Raskolnikov is a good example of these three disorders because of the way he acts towards others or towards himself and then suddenly has a change of feelings or mindset. Schizophrenia is defined as a common type of psychosis, characterized by abnormalities in perception, content of thought, and thought processes (hallucinations and delusions) and by extensive withdrawal of interest from other people and the outside world, with excessive focusing on one's own mental life (WebMD LLC).In the beginning of the book, the narrator talks about how Raskolnikov has â€Å"become so completely absorbed in himself, and isolated from his fellows that he dreaded meeting, not only his landlady, but anyone at all† (Dostoevsky 1). This is the first sign of schizophrenia that Dostoevsky shows in Raskolnikov, it is obvious that Raskolnikov has become isolated and does not want to be around any other people. Next, Raskolnikov’s illness is almost completely caused by his hallucinations, delusions, and dreams.This is seen in part two, chapter one after Raskolnikov has committed the murders â€Å"He sat down on the sofa in exh austion and was at once shaken by another unbearable fit of shivering†¦he covered himself up with his winter coat and once more sank into drowsiness and delirium. † (92). This is also seen in chapter three after he returns to his room and has a dream about his landlady being beaten, â€Å"He was not completely unconscious, however, all the time he was ill; he was in a feverish state, sometimes delirious, sometimes half conscious. † (120).Raskolnikov continues to focus on his own mental state throughout the novel and he does not truly become well until the end of the story when he confesses, suffers, and becomes educated. Raskolnikov also has many symptoms of dissociative identity disorder, which is defined as a severe form of dissociation, a mental process, which produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. Dissociative identity disorder is thought to stem from trauma experienced by the person with the dis order (WebMD LLC).Raskolnikov’s condition has obviously stemmed from the trauma Raskolnikov experienced after having committed the murders which is a major sign of dissociative identity disorder, and there are instances where Raskolnikov will do something and immediately completely regret his decision such as when he gives money to Marmeladov and then wants to go up to the room to take his money back â€Å"Raskolnikov had time to put his hand into his pocket, to snatch up the coppers he had received in exchange for his rouble in the tavern and to lay them unnoticed on the window.Afterwards, on the stairs he changed his mind and would have gone back† (Dostoevsky 26-27). Rakolnikov also has a form of dissociation because he gets into moods when he is thinking about certain things but disregarding other important details such as closing the door at the pawnbroker’s, locking his own door the night of the murder, and checking his clothes for blood. A third disorder t hat Dostoevsky describes through the character of Raskolnikov is bipolar disorder.Bipolar disorder is a major affective disorder, or mood disorder, characterized by dramatic mood swings. Bipolar disorder is a serious condition, when mania causes sleeplessness, sometimes for days, along with hallucinations, psychosis, grandiose delusions, and/or paranoid rage (WebMD LLC). Raskolnikov has many mood swings throughout the story. One of the first examples is when he is debating whether he should go talk to his friend Razumikhin, he changes his mind several times and then decides not to see him.Raskolnikov also switches moods about his â€Å"act† that he is planning to commit which we come to know is the murder of Alonya Ivanova. He switches his decision several times and finally commits to killing her when he finds out that she will be alone at seven o’ clock, â€Å"he felt suddenly in his whole being that he had no more freedom of thought, no will, and that everything was suddenly and irrevocable decided† (Dostoevsky 65). We also know that Raskolnikov suffered from hallucinations, delusions, and paranoid rage that he used to kill Alonya.These hallucinations included the dream of the horse getting beaten, the dream that his landlady was being beaten, and the nightmare when Raskolnikov is trying to kill the pawnbroker but she does not die, she only laughs. Dostoevsky helped to pave the way for other doctors and scientists to discover all of the symptoms of these mental illnesses we now know as schizophrenia, dissociative identity disorder, and bipolar disorder. This shows how much Dostoevsky knew about human nature. He was able to pick out tendencies that many mentally ill people have.Not only did he describe these three, he also described alcoholism very accurately by using the character Marmeladov to show that alcoholism only leads to suffering and the more one continues to drink, the more suffering they endure, â€Å"â€Å"the more I drink, the more I feel it. That’s why I drink too. I try to find sympathy and feeling in drink†¦. I drink so that I may suffer twice as much! † And as though in despair he laid his head down on the table† (14). Dostoevsky was a very extraordinary man and he gave mankind many contributions.Psychology was an important part of Crime and Punishment, but it is also clear that Dostoevsky is a very intelligent writer and incorporates many different themes into his works. ? Works Cited â€Å"A Brief History of Bipolar Disorder. † Today’s Caregiver. 2009. http://www. caregiver. com/channels/bipolar/articles/brief_history. htm. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Ed. Bantam Classic Reissue. New York: Bantam Dell, 2003. â€Å"The History of Schizophrenia. † Schizophrenia. com. 2004. http://www. schizophrenia. com/history. htm .Pendergrast, Mark. Victims of Memory. Upper Access Books, 1996. â€Å"Schizophrenia. † Dictionary. com. 2009. http:// dictionary. reference. com/browse/schizophrenia. WebMD LLC. â€Å"Bipolar Disorder. † WebMD. 2009. http://www. webmd. com/depression/guide/bipolar-disorder-manic-depression. WebMD LLC. â€Å"Dissociative Identity Disorder. † WebMD. 2009. http://www. webmd. com/mental-health/dissociative-identity-disorder-multiple-personality-disorder. WebMD LLC. â€Å"Medical Dictionary: Schizophrenia. † WebMD. 2009. http://dictionary. webmd. com/terms/schizophrenia.

The Stress on Americas Equality Essay - 1176 Words

In America’s society, equality has always been a reoccurring issue. All the way from early slavery and the Holocaust to discrimination toward African Americans, females, and now same-sex marriages. As much as our world focuses on becoming equal, each culture deals with it’s own differences. In Michael Jackson’s song, â€Å"Black or White† compared with Macklemore and Ryan Lewis’ song, â€Å"Same Love,† they each approach the same topic encompassing equality. Songs from completely two different generations but each song is concentrating on the important issues of their time, racial discrimination and same-sex relationships. Both of the artists have the same dreams on fairness and each song is just the start of how people started to change their†¦show more content†¦Michael Jackson was a prominent role model of the 1980’s and 90’s. His songs influenced and left an impact on people in a way that no artist has every done b efore. He not only left his impact on music, but also left his impact on society. He is known as â€Å"The King Of Pop† due to many of his billboard topping songs and his talented singing voice and dance moves that no one could replicate. He started at a young age, beginning his singing career at the age of 5 years old. Here he joined his brothers and made The Jackson 5. By his teenage years he began to stand out and started his own solo career as an artist. One of Michael’s biggest problems he had to face was a horrible skin condition called Vitiligo. It is a chronic skin condition that causes loss of pigment. Irregular pale patches of skin are the outcome of this pigment loss and a lot of people refer to it as â€Å"turning from black to white.† Jackson’s doctor, Patrick Treacy, reported to the public, â€Å"It is well documented that in 1986, Michael was diagnosed with Vitiligo† (Treacy). This was the beginning of his transformation. 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As we shift, focusing on gender equity in the business community a quote from antiracist, educator, and author Tim WiseRead MoreRacism Is Still A Heavy Issue Of The High College Experience Across The United States1718 Words   |  7 Pagesat war, there is no reliable source of help to assist them to conquer. Throughout America racism is still a heavy issue that is becoming a part of the average college experience across the United States. In recent events, similar to ones that happened in the Civil Rights Era, students of color fear their lives and are concerned for their safety, while trying to do what they are able, to make their campuses â€Å"equality friendly†. Situations where there were public displays of racism and discriminationRead More Catharine MacKinnons Book Feminism Unmodified Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesCatharine MacKinnons Book Feminism Unmodified Catharine MacKinnon, in her book Feminism Unmodified, takes a unique approach to the problem of gender inequality in America. She claims that pornography defines the way in which America’s patriarchal society perpetuates male dominance, and attacks traditional liberal methods that defend pornography on the basis of the first amendment’s right to free speech. According to MacKinnon, pornography is not an example of speech but rather an act. SheRead MoreThe American And Chinese Communist Revolutions1363 Words   |  6 PagesEnlightenment. This factor made both wars and their outcomes more intellectually based rather than physically. Another main accelerator that forced the people to fight for a change in their government was due to an unpopular method of rule. In both China and America, the forms of government previous to their revolutions and extreme political changes were despised among a majority of the commonplace citizens. Although, the two countries did not lik e their ruling bodies their forms of government were in fact wereRead MoreThe Discrimination of Woman in the Workplace Essay598 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States today, and is evident in the business world. Most businesses have always been dominated by men, and have simply been tradition in America that men run Corporate America and not women. Not until the late twentieth century, have women even been a part of big business. One important question that needs to be asked is, â€Å"what is equal?† Equality between sexes and race has been stressed and made law in the late nineteenth century, but even though laws have been made to protect woman fromRead MoreThe American Dream1320 Words   |  6 Pagespriority anymore. Instead, Smith concludes that the American Dream should be solely based on the collective well being. Furthering Smith’s belief in the American Dream, I believe it should also be centered around equality, collective well being, and good governance. To begin, equality as an American Dream would result in wealth being distributed equally throughout society, thus eliminating poverty and inequality. In â€Å"the high-income world...basic deprivations have been vanquished† with â€Å"enoughRead MoreCivil Rights/Secret Life of Bees986 Words   |  4 PagesBridget Baker Mrs. McQuade Period 2 4/10/12 Racial Discrimination and Segregation In 1619 the very first African Americans arrived in America, coming over for the purpose of forced slavery. It’s been nearly four hundred years since then and African Americans are still not treated completely equal. But throughout the years major steps towards equality have been made and as a whole the United States is close to reaching this goal. The first key action taken was abolishing slavery in 1865, butRead MoreThe Girl Of The Tangerine Scarf901 Words   |  4 Pagesinvalid, it would mean nothing with all that risk. Safety being that you are protected from any cause of danged, or any type of risk and or injury. Through reading our books I’ve learned a lot about foreign environments and how the united states of America are so much more safer and to never take that for granted and how that has molded the united states and how it makes an American. In â€Å"no Jose here† the book shows us that Mexico is a county where crime is easier to get away with due to corruption

Operant and Classical Conditioning Psychological Processes Free Essay Example, 1000 words

While classical conditioning involves a neutral signal placed before a reflex, operant conditioning applies punishment or reinforcement to encourage or deter a behavior. Operant conditioning involves voluntary action whose outcome is either encouraged or discouraged. On the other hand, classical conditioning entails involuntary and automatic behavior. While classical conditioning involves a neutral signal placed before a reflex, operant conditioning applies punishment or reinforcement to encourage or deter a behavior. Operant conditioning involves voluntary action whose outcome is either encouraged or discouraged. On the other hand, classical conditioning entails involuntary and automatic behavior. A good example of Classical conditioning is the claim that the beach is packed because it is sunny , where the stimulus is the weather. Cherry (n. d.) states that classical conditioning produces an unconditioned response characterized by an unconditioned stimulus. In this case, the r eason the beach is packed with many people is because of a conducive stimulus that encourages them to go to the beach. When we consider the case of a prosecutor presenting a guilty charge against the defendant, then we are looking at classical conditioning. His job acts as a stimulus and the response he elicits is prosecuting the convict. We will write a custom essay sample on Operant and Classical Conditioning Psychological Processes or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Working with the defendants will create a different stimulus that will facilitate recovery from the guilty presumption that he was familiar with; to the notion of innocent till proven guilty. In order to check the effectiveness of the burger incentive, I would keep a record of the average number of individuals visiting the beach on non-sunny days. In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus does not produce any response until it pairs with an unconditioned stimulus.

Animal Farm By George Orwell - 1770 Words

In George Orwell s 1945 epic novel Animal Farm, the corruption of leadership is described and emphasized through the actions of farm animals. After gaining control of the farm where they were held, a human society arose between the animals with the most intelligent, or most disingenuous, animals rising to the top of the hierarchy. Sheep, chickens, even the farm dogs all bowed down to the pigs that tricked their way to power. The infamous quote, â€Å"all animals are created equal, but some animals are more equal than others† (112) is the epitome of the corruption Orwell wanted to emphasize. Through the different obstacles that the barnyard animals faced, from an attempted return by the humans to a project to construct a windmill, the animals gave more and more power to the pigs leaving them at their mercy. Slowly, the animal leaders became humanized, even going to the extent of wearing clothes and playing cards at the end of the novel, â€Å"The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; and it was already impossible to say which was which† (118). Orwell s use of allegory emphasizes the dangers of surrendering power to self-imposed leaders and the corruption that occurs when an overwhelming amount of power is held by an individual. When George Orwell wrote â€Å"Animal Farm†, it is said he was heavily influenced by the rise of communism throughout the world. The most powerful communist influence that Orwell experienced was from theShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And George Orwell By George Orwell1034 Words   |  5 Pages Eric Arthur Blair, under the pseudonym of George Orwell, composed many novels in his lifetime that were considered both politically rebellious and socially incorrect. Working on the dream since childhood, Orwell would finally gain notoriety as an author with his 1945 novel Animal Farm, which drew on personal experiences and deeply rooted fear to satirically critique Russian communism during its expansion. Noticing the impact he made, he next took to writing the novel 1984, which similarly criticizedRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1545 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to dominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 Pageslegs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also th e author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glance into the future. George OrwellRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell876 Words   |  4 Pagesrebellious animals think no man means freedom and happiness, but they need to think again. The animals of Manor Farm rebel against the farm owner, Mr. Jones, and name it Animal Farm. The animals create Animalism, with seven commandments. As everything seems going well, two of the animals get into a rivalry, and things start changing. Food starts disappearing and commandments are changed, and the power begins to shift. Father of dystopian genre, George Orwell writes an interesting allegory, Animal FarmRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1538 Words   |  7 PagesMecca Animal Farm The Russian Revolution in 1917 shows how a desperate society can be turned into a military superpower filled with terror and chaos. George Orwell uses his book, Animal Farm, to parallel this period of time in history. This book is an allegory of fascism and communism and the negative outcomes. The animals begin with great unity, working toward a common goal. The government then becomes corrupted by the temptations of power. George Orwell uses the characters in Animal Farm to showRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1175 Words   |  5 PagesAn enthusiastic participant in the Spanish civil war in 1936, George Orwell had a great understanding of the political world and made his strong opinions known through his enlightening literary works, many of which are still read in our modern era. Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution and the failed society it resulted in, Animal Farm by George Orwell is an encapsulating tale that epitomises how a free utopian society so idealistic can never be accomplished. The novella exemplifies how influencesRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1089 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the pigs as the farm leaders, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigs’ use of broad language, and the implementation of these tactics they are able to get away with avoiding laws, and are able to convince other animals into believing untrue stories that are beneficial to the pigs. The firstRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 PagesShe stood there over the dead animals thinking to herself what have we come to? We try to become free but we just enslave ourselves to a so called superior kind. Napoleon killed the animals in front of the whole farm and said that this was to be the punishment for the traitors. Snowball was known as a traitor now and anyone conspiring with him would be killed. Snowball and Napoleon both represent historical characters during the Russian revolution in 1917.Snowball who was one of the smartest pigs

Industrial Relations Free Essays

IPM Professional Qualification in Human Resource Management Management Case Study 8 Industrial Relations Batch ID PQHRM 22/07 Question 6 The problems that have arisen, findings have been considered and recommendations have been given from points 1 to 5. Question 1 ?Company could not or did not adapt to the changing market conditions. They did not change their strategies of production and did not properly analyze the market conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Relations or any similar topic only for you Order Now ?Due to the incompetence of the management the company was taking a hit financially. But the management instead of rectifying what went wrong took the easy way out and blamed the labour for not giving their maximum output. ?There was no industrial peace and industrial peace is vital to ensure the smooth flow of work. Trade unions that have political affiliation were main reason for the ongoing industrial dispute and their dissatisfaction in the existing government did not help. In addition to this they were two trade unions that had an internal dispute among themselves. ?The â€Å"Bolts Nuts† terminated several employees in an illegal manner. Certain employees who were alleged with pilfering were terminated without a disciplinary enquiry or issuance of a show cause letter. Certain employees were terminated for picketing whereas picketing and striking is legal. ?The union and its representatives entered and agreed upon a collective agreement without properly considering the terms and conditions of the agreement. This could be attributed to the lack of negotiation skills. ?Management did not ensure that the workers had the proper tools and skills to increase or even maintain their production levels. The machinery provided for the workers to work with were outdated and not in proper working order. ?Management resorting to illegal means of terminating employees and closing down the factory even before the commissioner or labour made his/her final verdict. ?The environmental authority’s pressure to sort the matter of waste water disposal can be considered as the final blow to the company as there was no way the company could implement a waste water disposal system. Question 2 The above situations could have been averted through the management acting in a timely manner instead of waiting for the market conditions to turn bad. They could have done the following to avert the disaster that occurred: ?Conducted a market survey if the competitors products and their market conditions. The management could have done a PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors) and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). This would have made sure that the management knew where their organization stood as per the market condition and their competitors and the various factors in SWOT or PEST. ?The management should not have blamed the workers for not giving their maximum input. They should have instead introduced a small scale incentive scheme and got the workers motivated so that they worked with them in this crisis situation instead of working against them. They should have also asked for the workers feedback on the reason for this situation and their suggestions on how to improve production. ?Implement Six Sigma. Since Six Sigma focuses on improving productivity without investing in new equipment and increasing productivity through improving the way thing are done or the improving the individual processes itself it would have boosted productivity and increased quality of the products and the productivity of the organization (See next page for the Six Sigma process Diagram 1) ? Negotiations to come to a collective agreement should have been conducted with the majority trade union representative preferably the head who is a competent negotiator and the representative for the employer should have been a member of the EFC or its representation body. The Labour Department should have been involved in this negotiation session and provided conciliation. Diagram 1 ?The management should have not terminated employees in an illegal manner. They should have instead have offered a VRS or if that was not applicable they should have referred to the labour commissioner on job cuts before things they started severely taking losses. Another option that the management had is to ask the employees if they were agreeable to a pay cut. ?Although the company could not afford new machinery they could have done a major overhaul or repair all the machinery that was in use. This would not have given them a boost in production but they would not have lost production either. With regards to the environmental authority the company could have negotiated with them and come to an understanding that the waste water system will be implemented when the company was financially stable. ?Faulty recruitment and selection process. HR or Recruitment department did not find the best fit for the job. This would have been the lead cause for industrial disputes. ?The HR dept could have done a Training Need Analysis and then provided the required training for the workers if the reason for lack of production was lack of skill Question 3 Yes. Good IR in a company can be attributed to the following ? A relationship between employer and employee where collective bargaining is used extensively and joint problem solving exists in order for both parties to mutually benefit. ?Genuine employee involvement and HR practices that involve information gathering, consultation of employees and having their participation in all initiatives. ?Involvement of a third party during disputes where both parties maybe biased to their own cause. As per the above points we could draw to the conclusion that Bolts Nuts Company has poor IR. The company did not have a good rapport with its employee and evidently didn’t use the workers knowledge and suggestions to jointly solve the problems. Collective bargaining was used but not extensively and effectively. Also the fact of employee involvement in information gathering for HR practices is not evident. Employees were not consulted for their views of the situation. Involvement of the labour department was evident but again too late. If a labour department representative was present at the collective bargaining sessions the session would have led to a reasonable collective agreement that was fair. But since this did not happen the collective agreement only led to more disagreement and therefore the collective agreement was rendered redundant. Question 4 The HR manager is partially responsible for this situation as it involved the illegal termination of employees, hiring of employees who were not the best fit for the companies’ requirements and not conducting a Training Need Analysis to ascertain if the employee’s lack of production was due to a lack in Knowledge, Skills or Attitudes and providing the required training. Question 5 The only way for this crisis to be resolved is to implement all the points given in question 2. That would be to Conducted a market survey, Implement Six Sigma, Negotiate an effective collective agreement, the major overhaul of all the machinery, involve employees in the decision making process and providing training as required once a TNA is done. How to cite Industrial Relations, Papers Industrial Relations Free Essays string(172) " reserve for itself the absolute right to set up time standards, club Jobs, change production methods and systems and flexibility in the matter of deployment of workforce\." The tolerance of the Tells workers suddenly gave way. The storm broke and wealth months the workforce, the management and the entire city of Pun were engulfed by this storm. Some attributed the cause to workers’ leaders like Raja Nair, others to Tells officials like Unranked. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Relations or any similar topic only for you Order Now The genesis of the phenomena however lay in the history of industrial relations in Tells over nearly fifteen years. Pun was one of the first industrial centre to be established pursuant to the policy of geographic relocation of industries away from established industrial centre in the aryl sixties. During the sixties a number of large engineering companies set up new Industries In the Pun region. Being predominantly engineering industries, the region attracted a large number of skilled workers from all over Maharajah’s. This workforce was young, skilled, educated (being from technical training Institutes such as TIT and private Institutes); and there was a broad cultural homogeneity since most of them were Amaranth-speaking. Pun city, though not an industrial city to the sixties, has well established traditions of trade unionism amongst the municipal workers, the searchers and staff of other governmental bodies. Above all traditionally the workers in the engineering industry are known to be more militant and better organized. Basically this has to do with the nature of the work in the engineering industry, where man is invariably the master of the machine. Engineering Jobs require knowledge, perception, judgment, use of discretion and higher intellectual abilities, all of which results in a self-confident and assertive workforce. Added to all this Is the fact that the new workers coming to Pun had to find residential quarters on the outskirts of Pun. The suburban districts of Pun grew Into working class areas. Both better paid any badly paid workers’ settlements grew within the same locates, leading to extensive social integration of the workforce. All this gave rise to strong traditions of unity, solidarity and class sentiments in the most classical sense of the term. While the other industrial centre were plagued by trade union rivalries, political dissensions, and conflicts founded on caste, region and language Pun developed a tradition of class solidarity. In 1980, when the police fired on the rockers of Baja Auto, almost immediately the other factories closed in support, and a joint action committee was formed. Thereafter on most major events, ‘ad hoe trade union Joint action committees have cropped up. With the numerical strength of workers In Pun Increasing – today the city has 1. 75 to 2 lack industrial workers and, together with their families, they constitute 45-50 per cent of Pun’s population – these traditions were reinforced In strength and Impact. The companies that came up in Pun region too developed a broad unified approach the first place they too like the workers were concentrated in one area. Besides, very few companies were in mutual competition with one another. Many of them were keen to avoid the problems they had to confront in the older industrial centre like Bombay. One of the first things that almost every major company in the Pun region did right from the beginning was to ensure that no outsider, I. E. Professional trade unionist, established himself in Pun. These companies were established at a time when the fact of trade unionism as an inevitable aspect of industrial life had come to be accepted. In the Pun region formation of trade unions per SE never led to any ajar strife. The companies on the contrary encouraged their nascent workforce to form internal company unions. Barring a few exceptions the major pattern of trade union organization in the region is of internal unions with the workers themselves acting as office-bearers. In the mid-eighties Data Samoan from Bombay attempted a break-through but did not succeed. In a few companies unions affiliated to the Ship Seen and BGP tried to establish their unions but could not make any major headway. Against this backdrop, Tells is an Omni-present giant in the Pun region. Spread dead over a vast area, it employs, 8,500 blue collar workers, around 1,000 to 1,100 white collar workers, 2,000 supervisory staff and 2,500 engineers and officers. The average age off Tells worker is 32 years. Besides this a large number of ancillaries around Pun depend basically on Tells for their survival. It has been impossible to estimate the extent of mistranslation. Estimates vary from 400 units to 4,000 units. Besides, there is the consumption of goods and services by the company. To take one or two examples – the two industrial canteens at Tells employ 450 employees. The conservancy staff number around 450. Tells runs 110 buses on 265 routes. And all this growth has taken place over a span of 25 years. In keeping with the general pattern of industrial relations in the region, the company encouraged the formation of an internal trade union in their company. The new workforce formed the Tells Kamala Santayana (TTS), the very union with whom the company is refusing to negotiate today. The TTS was formed in February 1968 and was immediately recognized by the company. The constitution of the union provided amongst other things that the union will not have any outsider I. E. , a non-employee, as office-bearers. The elections were to be held once in every three years. It may be pointed out here that wage agreements are normally revised once in three years. It provided that workers would elect a council of 42 members and these 42 would then elect the office-bearers from amongst themselves. During this time the production in the company was growing rapidly. Normally in the older engineering industries Job classifications are precise. The content of each Job is described and evaluated, grades evolved, and quite often a worker could lawfully decline to do Job which were beyond the description or grade of his Job. Right from the beginning the company sought to avoid rigid classification of Job and to reserve for itself the absolute right to set up time standards, club Jobs, change production methods and systems and flexibility in the matter of deployment of workforce. You read "Industrial Relations" in category "Papers" This guarding its rights. Throughout, the growth in productivity was as a result of increased capacity utilization on the one hand and increase in the productivity of the workers on the other. The increase in productivity was mainly due to intensification of the workers’ work output. Thus in 1980 the company produced 14,000 vehicles. This increased to 0,000 vehicles in 1988 (though the targeted production was 33,000). In 1981, 40 chassis were produced in a day, today it is 125 chassis. Throughout, the workforce remained constant. There was no major technological upgrading. The only areas where some technical modifications were made were in fatigue-related areas, I. E. Where fatigue of the workers reached a point where he became counter-productive. In order to facilitate this the company introduced a number of schemes designed to make optimum use of the workforce. In 1976, the TTS and the company Jointly finalized a skill benefit scheme. Under this scheme a worker could upgrade his skill and give required trade tests after which he would be entitled to two increments. Thereafter a versatility benefit scheme was introduced, whereby a workman who had learnt a new trade besides his own could after passing the requisite tests get three increments. All this made it possible for the company to utilize its workforce with complete flexibility after all, the company believed a worker during his work hours was at the company’s disposal to get as much production from him as was possible.. The internal leadership of the TTS could not perceive the impact of the company’s policies. In 1976 it consented to the skill benefit scheme. The feeling spread amongst the workers that the union leadership was not standing up for their rights, while the management was asserting its rights. In the 1977 TTS elections the workers elected a new leadership which was perceived to be more militant. Under this leadership the workers conducted their first strike which went on for 22 days. This strike was against what is popularly described as ganging of machines and double designations. Ganging of machine meant that a worker who was until then required to load Jobs on one machine and attend to it was now required to load one bob on one machine and immediately attend to another machine or several machines depending on the nature of the Job before returning to the first one. Double designations meant one worker was called upon to do two Jobs. While the former method clubbed machines the latter clubbed Jobs. The state government intervened and referred the dispute for adjudication after which the strike was declared illegal. A number of activists were dismissed and other neutralized, and yet others won over. The workers attributed the failure of the strike and the crushing of the TTS leadership to the absence of strong outside leadership and support. They then turned to the Sara Ashrams Shantung, a trade union affiliated to the Ala Ionians Party. The membership of the Sara Ashrams Shantung was not widespread over all shops and departments, and was concentrated in a few plants and departments. In 1980 the workers of the foundry section began agitation. Once again this was against work norms and methods. The company declared a lock-out of the foundry which other department workers in support of the foundry workers. The foundry workers’ agitation fizzled out. The workers were compelled to give an undertaking of good conduct and report back to work. Some more activists were dismissed after this agitation. In order to defeat the Sara Ashrams Shantung, the company had to rely on the TTS leadership amongst other things. The TTS leadership, in the absence of over-whelming support of workers had to align with the management to defeat the Sara Ashrams Shantung. In the process the TTS leadership acquired privileges and concessions from the company that alienated them more and more from the workers. If workers were intimidated or strong-arm methods were used within the company premises the management looked the other way. Workers say the company actually circuited toughs to deal with the situation. Officers of the company deny this at times and at other times have Justified it saying strong-arm methods must be countered by strong-arm methods ‘sometimes’. The company also began to focus on what it describes as its welfare activities. Since 1981 there has been a sharp increase in industrial co-operatives of employees formed with the active support of the company. Between 1981 and 1987 the company has helped establish nine industrial cooperatives, for various purposes like recycling of scrap wood, conservancy, manufacturing safety shoes, printing, computer revise, felting, foundry-casting, battery cable assembly, welding, etc. Previously such societies were limited to helping widows of deceased employees, canteens and the like. Now it spilled over the industrial production. These co-operatives were intended to provide employment to the dependents and family members of the employees. The TTS leadership was the main agent for the implementation of these schemes. They therefore acquired enormous clout over the workers. Though out of a total workforce of 9,600, only 252 employees were members of the nine cooperatives formed between 1981 and 1987, and these cooperatives employed 698 rocker, the worker could always hope that by being on the right side of the TTS leadership, he could better the position of himself and his family. Besides it put enormous resources at the disposal of the TTS leadership. For the year 1987-88 alone the total turnover of these nine co-operatives was over RSI. 107 lack. The leadership of the TTS increasingly lost their identity as spokesmen of the workers. This got reflected in their style of functioning as union office-bearers. Issues were no longer represented on the basis of any clearest principles or rights, but on ad hoc basis. They were no longer resolved on the basis of the workers’ strength but the clout of their office. Sometimes issues relating to production and shop floor problems were resolved satisfactorily, but most often they were not. It was an alienated leadership providing patchwork solutions. While these trends were developing within the TTS leadership, amongst the workers other developments were taking place. After the failure of the foundry workers’ agitation, the workers began to look once again towards the internal union – the TTS. Leaders, Raja Nair and a few others who they perceived as being better. In the ginning of 1982, Raja Nair was elected general secretary of the TTS. Along with other members of the negotiating team, he too signed the 1981 settlement on wage revision. This settlement evoked widespread anger and resentment among the workers. When compared to the increase in their productivity and the profits of the company the workers felt the settlement gave them very little. The 1979 settlement had revised the wages by between RSI 150 and RSI 210. The 1982 settlement had increased them by RSI. 350 to RSI. 370. Besides, the skill benefit and versatility benefits schemes had been modified to give more leverage to the management and o say to the union in matters relating to production. A large number of workers who gathered at the company’s gate beat up the leaders and engaged in stone throwing. It is said that at this Juncture Raja Nair publicly admitted that he had signed the settlement under pressure from other committee members. He had been recruited in the company around 1979. When he became general secretary he had barely six year’s service behind him. It is difficult at this Juncture to assess what subjective factors weighed with him in this turnabout. But from the point of view of understanding the Tells agitation this is hardly important. What is important is before the workers it refurnished his image as an honest leader. The workers at this stage needed a hero in whom they could concentrate their aspirations. The steps that the company took thereafter only reinforced that need and catapulted one individual into the position off hero. After the disturbances at the company’s gate in September 1982, the company declared suspension of operations for over a week and demanded good conduct bonds from the workers. The workers gave this bond and returned to work. A few weeks after this the company suspended Raja Nair and after holding an enquiry smiled him from service in the beginning of 1983. To the company this was sure way to tackle rebellion. It had yielded results in the past, more particularly in 1977 and 1980 and there was no reason why it should not succeed this time. What the company did not take into account is the fact that the workers too were learning something from their experiences and were growing more mature in their understanding of the company. Coincidentally it was during this time that Raja Nair himself was arrested in a murder charge. He was under trial for six months or so after which he was discharged for want of evidence. This factor added to his image as a leader capable of taking on the Tells management amongst the workers. The rebel group within the TTS now rallied under the banner of the Raja Nair Panel (RAN) and began working as a group. In December 1984 once again the TTS elections were held. In these elections RAN put up a panel of 20 candidates of whom 17 won the elections. In a committee of 42 members they were still a minority and from this point of time the RAN worked as a faction within the TTS. The RAN did not focus much on the wage revision agreement of 1985. They concentrated instead on building up grassroots organization. In order to do this, they first of all changed their style of functioning. Until now by virtue of their working hours. The leaders were not required to work on the shop floor. They were given secretarial assistance by the company for their union work. The RAN decided they would not avail any of these privileges. They began to work on the shop floor. As a result, they were able to build up a rapport with the workers and tackle day-to-day shop floor problems directly. Workers too began to approach them for resolving day-to-day problems. Throughout the period between 1983 and 1987 the RAN focused on building grassroots support and organization. All this time Raja Nair was closely associated with the work of the activists of around 2,000 workers and staunch sympathizers of around 4,000 workers. Together with the fence-sitters the RAN had the overwhelming support of the Tells workers. In December 1987 when the TTS elections took place, the RAN put up a panel for all the seats. The RAN won 34 out of 42 seats. More significant was the fact that all the old leadership of the TTS lost badly in the elections. The language this new committee spoke was different. It actively took up issues on the shop floor. It questioned the supervisors on the methods of work distribution and allotment, on transfers and quantum of work and other issues. It must be mentioned here that the manner in which the productivity of the workers had been raised, as described above, required extensive supervision. The ratio of supervisors to workers is high in the company, roughly around 1:10. The supervisory staff rang the alarm and the management pushed the panic buttons. As a result a chain of events followed leading to the present impasse. At this stage it may be possible to argue that had the management shown greater statesmanship, balanced Judgment ND perceptiveness what followed need not have happened. But today this question will only be academic. In May 1988 the company suspended and later dismissed the vice president of the TTS. A group of workers went on a one-day hunger strike. The rest of the workers boycotted tea, snacks and lunch in the company’s canteen as a mark of solidarity with the hunger strikers. In July 1988 the TTS held a general body meeting and decided to amend their constitution to allow admission to honorary members who were not Tells employees. Since there is a provision in the Trade Union Act which allows admission of honorary members, and there is nothing unusual or illegal about the amendment, the registrar of trade unions, Pun, allowed the amendments and registered the same. Raja Nair was then admitted as honorary member and elected working president. The wage agreement had in the meantime expired and the TTS now terminated the old agreement and submitted a fresh charter of demands. The management refused to speak to the negotiating committee on the ground that they would not deal with outsiders. Later the reasons for not talking to the committee kept changing giving rise to doubts among workers and the outside world of management’s bona fide. At this stage the government on its own motion referred the issue of wage revision for adjudication. As yet there was nothing to indicate that anything extra-ordinary company took the stand that the matters had been referred for adjudication to a tribunal by the government and so they would not negotiate with the new committee as the matter was subsidize. The workers were obviously not in agreement. Before Dalai of 1988 came the bonus issue. A large number of workers refused to accept bonus. The company declared 8. 33 per cent plus a production bonus of RSI. 1,207. 987-88 had been an excellent year for the company financially. Between 1985-86 when the last settlement was signed and 1987-88 when the next wage revision became due, turnover had gone up 37 per cent, net profits by 66 per cent from RSI. 16. 17 core to RSI. 26. 95 core and value added by 43 per cent. The workers could not therefore understand why only 8. 33 per cent was paid by way of statutory bonus. A large number of workers (around 1,100) who had been lured into accepting the bonus returned the same. All these years the company had deducted the TTS subscription from the workers’ wages and paid it to the TTS. This year the company refused to deduct the subscription. The TTS had to therefore organize a membership collection drive. It opened accounts in banks around the residential areas and called the workers to deposit the subscription amounts in those accounts. Workers began lining up in banks. By January 31, 3,811 members had paid subscriptions, by the end of February another 1,810 had paid and by the end of March a further 1,722. By now the company began suspending active supporters of the new committee. It Justified its action by saying that it would not tolerate indiscipline. Amongst the workers this argument had no takers because workers knew the company had allowed and tolerated far more indiscipline from the older committee. In the midst of all this the workers resorted too tool down strike in the beginning of January 1989. This agitation was peaceful and organized. On January 30, Rattan Data was to have visited the factory at Pun. On January 29 Raja Nair was suddenly detained by the police preventively under Section 151 of the Criminal Procedure Code. This action triggered a wave of anger. Though he had been detained on the January 29 the news spread to the factory on the 30th. The following day, when he was produced in court, rockers collected in the court premises spontaneously. The numbers began to swell. After arguments for his release, the Judgment was reserved for the next day and the police tried to whisk him away. But workers, whose number was swelling all the time, refused to let the Jeep go and resolved to sit in the court premises until the release of Raja Nair. The police then applied to the court and Raja Nair was released. In the meantime certain events happened outside the trade union scene in Tells which was to have a great impact on the Tells workers’ struggle. In January 1989, the Trade Union Council was formed. In the past Joint action committees had been formed by the trade unions in Pun on the basis of events or issues. For sometime the idea that the Trade Union Council be constituted as permanent body had been suggested by a number of unions, but unions were also cautious since in the past joint councils tended to fizzle out after an agitation or campaign. For six to eight committee had fizzled out. In the meantime Baja] auto workers in Arranged were having their agitation and workers in Pun through a Joint action committee collected funds for the Arranged workers. During this time it was decided to form the trade onion council. The formation was announced on January 19, 1989 at a public meeting of over 20,000 workers and 31 organizations. The general mood of the Pun workers therefore was responsive to the Tells workers. Soon after the arrest and release of Raja Nair, the Tells Employees Union (TIES) was formed in February 1989. The company was all along saying they could not negotiate with the TTS because the matters were pending in court. Now TEE came out with a hand bill that the company was willing to negotiate with them. The members of the old committee who had lost in the TTS election were office-bearers of the TIES. The TEE then challenged the status of the TTS in the courts. Five office-bearers of the TTS went on a hunger strike outside the company and the workers boycotted canteen food in solidarity. On the intervention of Madman Banana, the ‘guardian minister’ for Pun in the Maharajah’s council of ministers, the hunger strike was withdrawn and assurances were made that their problems would be looked into by the government. The workers were under tremendous pressure to Join the TEE between middle of February and March but the membership of the TEE could not go beyond a few hundred. The company now started saying since the validity of the TTS elections was before the courts they would not talk to TTS unless the issue was decided. Within the company the atmosphere was tense and there was widespread feeling that the company would lock-out the factory. The leaders foots had prepared the workers and decided that nothing should be done in the company which may precipitate a lock-out even under gravest provocation. At this point on March 14, 1989, one of the office-bearers of the TTS was assaulted badly within the company premises by TEE members. Since the TTS had given strict instruction not to do anything that would precipitate a lock-out, the workers remained under control, but the anger had cached flash-point. The following day TEE members who were on their way to work were accosted and beaten up in various parts of the city. Now the company suspended around 70 – 75 persons of the TTS for engaging in violence. The company now began to say they would not talk to TTS because they had engaged in violence. However when things became too obvious the company suspended and charge-sheeted one of the office-bearers but continued to recognize the TIES. In the meantime the chief minister’s statement in the Vida Saba that the Tells must talk to the TTS and government would mediate raised the hopes of the workers. The TTS in the meantime began to step up its organizational work and began holding meetings in the residential localities of workers. These meetings though intended for Tells workers were attended by other workers in the locality. The Tells agitation was spreading to those factories too. It appears that at this point other managements in the region began to get anxious about the developments in Tells and began to press for a resolution of the dispute there. On August 18 was the annual general meeting was seen as the architect of the industrial relation policy in Tells, was not given further extension after retirement. The company temporarily clubbed the responsibility of personnel with production by handing charge of industrial relations to the works deputy director (auto division). All this also raised the hopes of the workers and gave a feeling that the changes reflected a reappraisal by the company. As a matter of fact tripartite meetings were fixed between TTS, the company and the government. Though nothing substantial came of it further meetings were fixed. Then suddenly the company signed a wage agreement within the TEE on September 19. By the wage agreement the company sought to give a rise of RSI. 85 on an average. Perhaps it was felt this would lure the workers into the fold of TEE. The company then sought to apply to the industrial tribunal to pass an award in terms of the agreement so that it binding on all the workers. The workers had reached a point of desperation. On September 20 the TTS organized a huge rally of Tells workers, where on the spot the workers decided to fast indefinitely. Around 6,000 workers are estimated to have gone on a indefinite hunger strike. This was in the middle of the city, and generated a massive wave of public sympathy. For the first time perhaps a racketing agency conducted an opinion poll on a workers’ agitation. The opinion poll conducted by the Marketing and Econometric Consultancy Service revealed that 86 per cent of the respondents, all Pun citizens, were aware of the Tells issue, 82 per cent said they believed TTS was the majority union, 68 per cent felt workers were peaceful in their methods of agitation, 69 per cent felt the union was Justified in its agitation and 67 per cent felt the struggle of the Tells workers was for democratic rights. The Trade Union Council called for a one-day sympathy strike by Pun workers which was a complete success. Further tripartite negotiations had been fixed for October 1 . On September 29, the trade Union Council gave a call for demonstrations and street meetings in as many parts of the city as possible by the workers of other companies to draw attention on the Tells issue. The police used this as a pretext and swooped down on the hunger strikers and arrested over 4,000 Tells workers. Of these 2,000 were taken in buses and left off on the outskirts of the city, and 2,000 or so were taken into custody at places like Rating and Nashua. The TTS had been in quandary about how to call of the mass hunger strike without appearing to be back racking or weakening. The police action solved that problem. The company had not been too keen on the tripartite meeting and that problem too was resolved as no meeting could take place after the arrests. This triggered off a new wave of anger which spread throughout the city. The Trade Union Council called for an indefinite industrial strike of Pun workers. But the sight of Tells workers who had been on hunger strike for 10 days being beaten, pushed into buses and carried away evoked stone throwing and numerous incidents all over Source : Economic Political Weekly, How to cite Industrial Relations, Papers